Pecan tree is a large, deciduous tree that is native to Mexico and the south-central United States. The pecan tree grows to a height of 50-60 feet and has a spread of 30-40 feet. The tree is characterized by its long, compound leaves and large, edible nuts. The nuts of the pecan tree are encased in a hard, reddish-brown shell and are edible when roasted or candied. The pecan tree is a popular landscaping tree in the southern United States due to its large size and attractive foliage.
About soil condition, pecan trees prefer well-drained, deep, sandy loams with a high organic matter content. The ideal soil pH is 6.0 to 7.0. Pecans will tolerate a wide range of soils, but they are susceptible to waterlogged conditions. Pecan roots are deep, so they are not as susceptible to drought as other trees.
Not too different with other types of trees, pecan trees need sunlight to grow. They should be planted in an area that gets at least six hours of direct sunlight each day. If they don't get enough sunlight, they won't produce as many nuts.
The temperature condition that is most favorable for pecan trees is between 70 and 80 degrees Fahrenheit. Anything outside of this range can adversely affect the trees, causing them to produce fewer nuts or even die. While pecans can tolerate brief periods of cold weather, they are not equipped to handle long-term exposure to freezing temperatures. Therefore, those who live in areas with colder climates must take extra care to protect their pecan trees during the winter months.
Ideal humidity condition for this plant is 50%. The plant will not tolerate conditions that are either too dry or too wet. If the humidity is too low, the leaves will begin to drop. If the humidity is too high, the leaves will turn yellow and begin to fall off.
Discussing fertilizer, this family of plant nutrients is essential for pecan tree growth. The three primary macronutrients needed by pecans are nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K). All fertilizers have a N-P-K ratio on the package that tells you the percentage of each nutrient in the bag. In general, young trees need more nitrogen than phosphorus and potassium, while established trees need more phosphorus. The amount of fertilizer a pecan tree needs depends on the age and growth stage of the tree, the fertility of the soil, and the time of year.
Pruning a pecan tree is important to the health and vigor of the tree. It helps to remove diseased or damaged limbs, as well as to produce a more desirable shape. It is generally best to prune a pecan tree in late winter or early spring, before new growth begins.
Propagation is the process of creating new pecan trees from seed. Pecan trees can be propagated from either fresh or stored seed. Fresh seed should be collected from the ground beneath the tree in late fall or early winter. The seed should be stored in a cool, dry place until spring. To plant, dig a hole deep enough to accommodate the root ball and twice as wide. Fill the hole with water and allow it to drain. Place the tree in the hole and backfill with soil. Water thoroughly.
Usually, the plant growth rate is determined by the cultivar, or the specific variety of pecan tree. However, there are several other factors that can affect the growth rate of a pecan tree, including the tree's location, soil type, and watering schedule. In general, pecan trees grown in good conditions will have a higher growth rate than those grown in poor conditions.
Common problems for this kind of plant are caterpillars, aphids, mites, and scale insects. These pests can damage the tree by eating the leaves or sucking the sap. To control these pests, use insecticidal soap or oil, or release beneficial insects such as ladybugs.
Source:
Pecan | Diseases and Pests, Description, Uses, Propagation
Starting Pecan Trees | Oklahoma State University
ID That Tree: Pecan | Purdue Extension Forestry & Natural Resources
